Week 3: Earth Quakes "Lets shake it up"
Earthquake
in India Maps
The Indian subcontinent has suffered some of the greatest earthquakes in the world.
Despite these early developments towards seismic safety, moderate earthquakes in India
continue to cause thousands of deaths.
A brief overview of some significant earthquakes in the Indian subcontinent.
If you will notice closely most of the earthquakes
have been dated at the time of each assurance.
It is important to note that the
government of India has implemented many projects to counter act the
devastation from earthquakes.
The earthquakes of the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries triggered a number of early advances in science and
engineering related to earthquakes that are discussed here. These include the
development of early codes and earthquake-resistant housing after the 1935
Quetta earthquake in Baluchistan, and strengthening techniques implemented
after the 1941 Andaman Islands earthquake, discovered by the author in remote
islands of India. Activities in the late 1950s to institutionalize earthquake
engineering in the country are also discussed. Despite these early developments
towards seismic safety, moderate earthquakes in India continue to cause
thousands of deaths, indicating the poor seismic resilience of the built
environment. The Bhuj earthquake of 2001 highlighted a striking disregard for
structural design principles and quality of construction. This earthquake was
the first instance of an earthquake causing collapses of modern multi-story buildings
in India, and it triggered unprecedented awareness amongst professionals,
academics and the general public. The earthquake led to the further development
of the National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering and the
establishment of a comprehensive 4-year National Programmed on Earthquake
Engineering Education that was carried out by the seven Indian Institutes of
Technology and the Indian Institute of Science. Earthquake engineering is a
highly context-specific discipline and there are many engineering problems
where appropriate solutions need to be found locally. Confined masonry
construction is one such building typology that the author has been championing
for the subcontinent. Development of the student hostels and staff and faculty
housing on the new 400-acre campus of the Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar has provided an opportunity to adopt this construction typology on
a large scale, and is addressed in the monograph. The vulnerability of the
building stock in India is also evident from the occasional news reports of
collapses of buildings under construction or during rains (without any
earthquake shaking). Given India’s aspirations to be counted as one of the
world’s prosperous countries, there is a great urgency to address the safety of
our built environment. There is a need: to create a more professional
environment for safe construction, including a system for code enforcement and
building inspection; for competence-based licensing of civil and structural
engineers; for training and education of all stakeholders in the construction
chain; to build a research and development culture for seismic safety; to
encourage champions of seismic safety; to effectively use windows of
opportunity provided by damaging earthquakes; to focus on new construction as
opposed to retrofitting existing buildings; and to frame the problem in the
broader context of overall building safety rather than the specific context of
earthquakes. Sustained long-term efforts are required to address this multi-faceted
complex problem of great importance to the future development of India. While
the context of this paper is India, many of the observations may be valid and
useful for other earthquake-prone countries.
"Copy
and paste these links".
Read more at: https://www.studyiq.com/articles/earthquakes-in-india/
Information about Earthquake safety listed below.
Earthquake Safety Checklist FEMA B-526 / November 2017
Take steps to correct these hazards — secure or relocate heavy items,
as appropriate. To learn more about home hazards, view the
Earthquake Home Hazard Hunt, FEMA 528 at:
https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/3261/
Work/Cited
www.studyiq.com/articles/earthquakes-in-india
www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2023-07fema
earthquake-safety-checklist.
Hi Daniel,
ReplyDeleteIt's great to know that steps are being taken to implement safer and a stronger systems for code enforcement and building inspections in India. The country I chose, Canada has created a seismic hazard model currently is the "Canada's 6 Generation" was developed for the 2020 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC2020), to generate seismic design values. Thus, guiding them to design and construct buildings that are the most earthquake proof they can possibly create. Just like your country is creating. It the best thing for the countries that because the earthquakes can't be stopped. So creating and implementing such codes, help when major earthquakes do occur, economically and in saving lives.